AROL 201 Final, Fall 2005

AROL 201 The Archaeology of Lebanon Final Examination Date: January 26, 2006 Time: 2 hours I- Identify, date, and comment briefly on the following slides: 1- 5% 2- 5% 3- 5% 4- 5% 5- 5% II- Where would you go if you want to see 1- A Roman aqueduct 2% 2- A Hellenistic temple 2% 3- A Byzantine oil press 2% 4- A stele of an Assyrian king 2% 5- A Crusader castle 2% 6- A Mamluk bath 2% 7- An Iron Age fortification wall 2% 8- A Crusader cathedral that has become a Mamluk mosque 2% 9- A Roman bath 2% 10- Hellenistic funerary rock sculptures 2% Place all the above sites on the attached map (5%) III- Answer only one, A or B, of the following essay questions on the attached white sheets: A- Excavated sites inform us about the physical layout and buildings of ancient cities. 1- What do you know about the urban layout and domestic architecture of Lebanon during the Iron Age? Base your discussion on the evidence from Beirut and Tell el-Burak. 2- Which Lebanese site provides an example for urban layout and palace architecture in the Omayyad period? Describe briefly the excavated evidence. B- The temple of Jupiter in Baalbek is the largest sacred building of the Roman Empire. It is a good example of the religious symbiosis between foreign Roman and local traditions. Describe and discuss the building. Do not forget to include the following information: • Why is the building 12m higher than the surrounding plain? • Where did the stones for its building come from? Describe the building technique. • What are the various parts of this sacred building complex? • What elements in this temple are typical of oriental religious buildings? • To the cult of which deity was it dedicated? Write clearly and to the point. Do not write irrelevant information. You have plenty of time: do not hurry! Read the questions carefully and organize your essay in a coherent way.