BIO 201 Exam 2 Sample, Spring 2011

Within chloroplasts, the semiliquid matrix in which the Calvin cycle occurs is called: Oa) stroma. ©B) thylakoids. ©c) grana. ©D) photosystem. Visible light occupies what part of the electromagnetic spectrum? ©) the entire spectrum ©.B) the entire upper half (with longer wavelengths) ©) asmall portion in the middle ©D) the entire lower half (with shorter wavelengths) The colors of light that are most effective for photosynthesis are Oa) red, blue, and violet. ©.B) green, yellow, and orange ©) infrared and ultraviolet ©pD) All colors of light are equally effective. A photosystem consists of © A) 2 group of chlorophyll molecules, all of which contribute excited electrons to the synthesis of ATP. ©B) a pair of chlorophyll a molecules. ©) a group of chlorophyll molecules held together by proteins. ©D) a group of chlorophyll molecules that funnels light energy toward a single chlorophyll 6 molecule. The final product of the Calvin cycle is Oa) RuBP. ©B) G3P. ©c) glucose. OD) PGA. C4 photosynthesis is an adaptation to hot, dry conditions in which © A) CO2 is fixed and stored in the leaf. © B) water is stored in the stem. ©) oxygen is stored in the root. © D) light energy is stored in chloroplasts. C4 photosynthesis is an adaptation to hot, dry conditions in which © a) CO2 is fixed and stored in the leaf. ) B) water is stored in the stem. oxygen is stored in the root. light energy is stored in chloroplasts. In cellular respiration, energy-depleted electrons are donated to an inorganic molecule. In fermentation, what molecule accepts these electrons? ©a) oxygen ©B) an organic molecule ©c) sulfur ©p) aninorganic molecule other than O2 Which of the following is not a stage of aerobic respiration? ©a) glycolysis ©B) pyruvate oxidation ©c) the Krebs cycle ©D) electron transport chain Oxidizing which of the following substances yields the most energy? OA) proteins ©B) glucose Oc) fatty acids OD) water The final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation is: OA) pyruvate ©Bs) NAD* Oc) lactic acid Op) Oxidizing which of the following substances yields the most energy? Oa) proteins ©.B) glucose Oc) fatty acids OD) water The final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation is: OA) pyruvate ©B) NAD* ©c) lactic acid Op) 2 Which of the following techniques has recently aided the study of receptor proteins? © A) protein purification ©B) monoclonal antibodies ©) isolation of cell signal molecules ©pD) all of these Which of the following describes autocrine signaling? © a) Signal molecules released by cells diffuse through the extracellular fluid to other cells. ©B) Signal molecules enter the organism's circulatory system and travel throughout the body. ©) Signal molecules are released from a cell and bind to receptors on its own plasma membrane. ©D) Signal molecules are released into a narrow space between cells called a synapse. Intracellular receptors usually bind ©) water-soluble signals. ©) large molecules that act as signals. ©) signals on the cell surface. ©D) lipid-soluble signals. Which of the following is not a type of cell surface receptor? © A) chemically gated ion channels ©) intracellular receptors ©c) enzymic receptors ©D) G-protein-inked receptors Cadherin can be found in which of the following? > A) tight junctions >) B) anchoring junctions ©) communication junctions ©) adherens junctions Plasmodesmata are a type of © A) gap junction. ©B) anchoring junction. ©) communicating junction. © D) tight junction. Plasmodesmata are a type of © A) gap junction. ©B) anchoring junction. ©) communicating junction. © D) tight junction. An atom gains energy when Oa) an electron is lost from it. ©B) it undergoes oxidation. ©) it undergoes reduction. © D) it undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction. Which of the following is concerned with the amount of energy in the universe? Oa) the First Law of Thermodynamics ©.) the Second Law of Thermodynamics. ©c) thermodynamics OD) entropy In a chemical reaction, if AG is negative, it means that © a) the products contain more free energy than the reactants. ©B) an input of energy is required to break the bonds. ©) the reaction will proceed spontaneously. ©D) the reaction is endergonic. A catalyst Oa) allows an endergonic reaction to proceed more quickly. ©.) increases the activation energy so a reaction can proceed more quickly. ©) lowers the amount of energy needed for a reaction to proceed. ©D) is require for an exergonic reaction to occur. Anabolic reactions are reactions that © a) break chemical bonds. ©.B) make chemical bonds. ©c) harvest energy. ©p) occur in a sequence. How is a biochemical pathway regulated? © a) The product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next. ©.) The end product replaces the initial substrate in the pathway. ©) The end product inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway by binding to an allosteric site. ©D) All of these are correct. How is a biochemical pathway regulated? © A) The product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next. ©.) The end product replaces the initial substrate in the pathway. ©) The end product inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway by binding to an allosteric site. OD) All of these are correct.