HIST 245 Final, Fall 1995

ppmpahlitelommsienietcienac teeta e AMERIC a fast Ate wae atin ete pate aati HISTORY 245 Final Exam February 7, 1996 Instructions: Answer any two of the following questions: 1. Describe the political and social order of the Shihab Emirate (1697- 1788) and explain what it meant to the different internal and external parties. On the basis of your preceding description and discussion, would it be accurate to characterize it as “feudal” in a medieval European sense? 2. Describe the regime of the Mutasarrifiyya and the role that the administrative council played in it. What was the political, social and economic significance of this role and how and why did the council acquire it? 3. Analyze the long-range and immediate causes of the peasant revolt of 1858 in Kisrwan, and assess the role of the Maronite church or clergy in it. Why, in your opinion, did the revolt fail to spread to other regimes, but contributed instead to the outbreak of inter-communal conflict? 4, Describe the administrative system known as the “double Kaymakamate”; and explain why it was regarded as “the formal organization of civil war in Lebanon”. 5. The “Lebanese Emirate” was initially a “Druze concern” which developed in the 17th century. Yet, the Maronite emerged in 1861 as the most powerful group politically, despite their military defeat. Explain the internal developments and external factors that account for this transfer of power.