MTH 304 Notes, Spring 2019
Lebanese American University · Differential Equations · 141 pages · Dr. Jean Takchi
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CD
1.. 0 CcrmpAx tJLvYrvbel1/':L
*" A ~ ~erz, ~ c1 ~~
~:= /)L+1o
\XI huuz-
-rx.- I ~
0JU2- ~ ~eJl./)
am.d
d; ~Lo' am ~~ ~0L- ~ ,c=-:1
~
* 1k ~ ri 1; ~ ~~ 1:3 I~J~Z~Q2.1
1JO:f)l..+1C1
'" 1k ~ at 1; ir, @~ ~(,3)= (iJ.r;o~
H( ....,~) 'J 19;>0
~ ---rk ~ &b J V> ~ = x -~d ·-o¥---J~-+-x------7 X
* 1k ~ font iii 6 h Reil) ~ QL
J (}(o
¥ Ik ~ panlJ at ~ ~ Trn(a-)=~d-
Exat"'f.~;;
5efuetR....~~
5i+33+ 2 =0
6 ~ bZ -
'-1 Cl c.. == :l.-
4-0 :::: - 3d. -::. 3li.-2
- -h+JLS7-3 +1J31'
1J- - 20-... -:=
10
SOCIAL
t
J
~J:::
•
2..J.
~.~=
I .
0
L D?J J' "'- L h
/ ~ I .+ i AY~ 3' '" L ~ y +1-e
C '}:= etJLoSc
SOCIAL
SOCIAL
BeJtel""
-J'Y) e..thod ~
LV) l~ I +c~
LnJ~I-LY\c
LI') J~J
c·
EX3mpJe. g 'Th:L.
H1~SS (a ~e.. ~6L~ ab 0- ~
Pru7f~ f:;y Juts .~.
J
,
_----/.-L K ~p~f1i1e. .
1:1 net) tP~ rnvvnd/& ~ I::~ g -\Z!!J
~ S~:
1'1(£) = c.e-kl;
Hi'-!-f-- .' /11L H4-i!f- e{ a. ~I/e.~ if, tJk
~ 'Tme.e-cW h ~-tk~ te~·
rl(T) = ~ 1'1(0)
~om!Ie.: TYuz.- nYLO/Y) (CL ~a.clive. ~ ak tk ~ 1:", c1j<"''<
in D. zB ' Tb? /m-dJY) ~ ~ ~ b~ 2~ 00,Ob3-'
(0-) F ,0-J ~ WJ-,.-t:bi ~
lb) F~ & h4-£f-.'T.
,~
-kc
CL)
H ( I) ::: O. z
H :::.-k r I ·==::.D H ~ c- e
(~S~)
H(z) :::; o. oG
t-1 ( I) ~ 0) 2-:=D
C e.- K.::: O. Z- (I)
~ZK
M (2-) =- 0 I Db :=:f/ e- e
~ o. 0 (; (z)
ZK
(2-) ,
ce.-
D.O~ i -k
~
__-
;::.
--()_e
.= 0-, 3
c e-K
0, Z,
10'
(I) ===D
0 .'3 C :::: 0 . 2. -=l/ [ c.. =2/3]
»
,
I.... L
SOCIAL
b) T= 7 !
M (T) = l H{o)
2(
)T ,
T
"3 0.3
::= 3
'==c> (0, 3) ~ .~ ::: 0,5
"T Ln 0,3 ::: Ln 0.5 ==f) T
-= Ln0.S"
Ln 0.3
PH-&b d. 1..
J-I W ( J 1-I 2 J )
~ ~ 1~0'«1n: [) E: (j/" i(~:J)
Let
~"''a(%)
be a- ~ ~ ~ P('Lo/~J
l1W- dare (~ ~ J
p ~
~
m := ~I Lp:= f(~/'j) LlP = t(rx" J~o)
we.
C£VY1 dwJij ~ P a ~ ~ at d8te. m ~
~~-
*lYuz- ~ !f ~ ~ ~ LD ~ Vk ~#4J 1tk o£
* 1h1o ~ ~ UJff1 be ~ fp ~ tJk-~e 8{~
"~ ~hlcoi,~ "
I" ~ /Pl~,~<»
"
\, /
\
()PPJ'n./j-~
1
~
) J
/...... (
~: ~ =. 0 r?L/~
=r;> !(rx-I;j) == rn
~I =-
rY1
.
~ UuV/t. t ('X-/ zj) ~ 'm V:> ca2fLj I.s 0 c-/ l'n e-'
~ {A.rVJf,; ~tk..~( f~ :mth-~ tX/~ ~~
~e- tk/.kv>n<- ~ m .~~
ft-L-0H >
SOCIAL
~: DraW tk. ~ ~ t(tk- DE: :f=~-':(.
~ F~/V~/tk~ifn~~w~tfi.
~
a/7.11. 0t~ (~
' d >0 G=I/ !ex1ij)? 0 d=t> zj- x ~o
<1=f) ~ ?'xtt:-:t::)
l
\;
~
~
~
~ Dvevv S{}mL at & ~
(~ aM- ~ bfhvip (J8Y ~ /)U/~ ~ ~)
I( x1tJ) ~ m
==D 'a -x coo m
11- Y>1 =0
.' d':;Q(
'* m= I
/
~-= "Z-+/
II m:=.-I
"
~=:'IX-I
:I
m:=: Z
:
;g:::; x+z..
1(
m= -2. I
~:::.. tX-z.
¥
m.:; '3
;
(;
=:: ~+3
¥
YY) ~ - 3 J d:::::- 1):, ....3
SOCIAL
~ II I:k ~ '\1' 01 i:k £!u='
::i'~ !C'(j) ,tJ-, 'tk. ~
OJT-R- £c~) z:- h'1
4==i> g::: ~ . IhJ2. ~ ~ ~
~ II O~·
T~ eI ~ I/~ fn 1'Yl,lXIendkt V~Jm-d'
~Xd
'tI' '" 4~ _2\3
DruJ-W ~ ~ ,~ .
.~
(~f::: 0 ~>
~ ( 4 -(32-) ~ 0
-::=t/ j =0 J~::: 2-, (3=-z. (3 ~
~ I < 0
d==D g(l.{ - ~2 ) <D (1;:::::{)
~ ( 2 -~) ( Z +~) < 0
2
~ -co
-z
a
2
4- co
~
-
- 6 +
+
-~
+
.of
+
-
+~
-
cr
.-f
+
+
.
d'
+
0
-
0
+
0 -
z
/~/~
~
~~~\'8~\~~
///: ////
._----+-- -------"'57' ox.
~\o\,~8\\~~
//////////
SOCIAL
®
~ /:epZ-
Dt-=AX/!XhY1JL aJ·t:.lk ~
t('J )::=. rn
ct==l>
4-~ - ::F= m
* ~ =0
===D
h1 ==- 0
.:I- 8 :::; I
--p /'Y).=:3
-71- d-=-J
===I:> m.:=-3
.:y-
.--p h'1=-.o
d= z
k 2j ~ -2-
.==D
m==-o
-;(- ~= 3
===D
m.::: -1'6'
}{ ~:::-3
===0
h1 == 15
()1L-<L\X//JVI~ ~ ~ ~t:Jlw...
~ (kld S~)
_--:~---\---\------\-----\--'f--\--+--+--+-\------\--yY).=. - 15
Sk~ S&me-f~~~~:
(0.0) .rrl"'l
,..., \
,
_
_
...
•
,.
I"
SOCIAL
®
./ II
~ D,--wJ.)(/ ~ t tk. ~ t(!]l.,!j)'" h1
x.
.x
e -~::YYl
=I:> d= e - m
* m :=; -I
)f
IY)= 2
¥-
YY)::=. - 2
SOCIAL
@
---
x x
-1f" rYl =- 0
->f m::: - I
* m:::i-:
SOCIAL
@
1.3 Sep~ D~cd ~
-I- A Is~ ~ [)£ v, r><Wl ifr be- /lR-f~ 'I'J Cvrl be.
W~ vn ~ ~
t(~) J
'=
ex) dX .
7fLe- ~ ~ 'v>
J/(/j)do=iJ(?G)dx
J
" Am ~~ v~ ~ CI V P) r6 if & fvm !d=!(x/tA)
C){~) :::~
fX~
5&tv~tk I vP .
;. ~I clnX -eJ -= 0
ofo) ~z.
~CtDx=Od
::::t:> ._1 d2] ~-Ldx (df~DE)
d1)(..
~
UYY')G
SOCIAL
@
SOCIAL
T
1=k(T- TH ) =0 ~J" k (T-zS)
air ~ kdt
so/'~'
T-Z5
j cJ T
~ Jk db ==t> Ln ( T-zC;-) ~ kt
T-ZS
T~Z5' = e.ke- -=1;> EZCJ-!-ce.kC
].
Kt
~ T(o).:: 100 ~ 2~+C ==-/CXJ ==0 c:='15 ===DT~ 25'+?t:;e
.
~
I
(z) ::::. -=t 3 ==0 ZCO + 1-';" d K;::. f 3 --:==[) 1~e2~ l/B ~
zK
~ '8
I~
B
-:=. -::::;
1q
zr;
K
e-
J~~7 = i
0=
T ~ Z5+f5(ef-;6' ==0j T=2-~+f5 (-f/J
~ t& a.- Ser~ DE
TI ~ DE COM be- VU"Jttrm ~ ~ ~ ca'::c t( lJ
~ Ib C-arl\ be ~ to-
0- ~f~ O£ hOCY~
~ ~1V~ a=!
fxwrnr!=
SOCIAL
Prteb l,3
(z - I~) + (2.3; 2b; 25)
1-1\)(/ ( 4/ b /
~ I 23/ 26; Z'3)
~~ f~~11L
-¥P~F~.~
* +Jeov~ 1-1etPz.cJ
_2.._ _
2...
_
2/2
~7-. n..
" J "
I
'? \
~
+
SOCIAL
-' - I') di.1·~ J-I cJrx
( ~
~+Z
~
~
Lh r~} - Lh I(J +2- ) = Ln 3::-
Cz..
:2. 1(. ~~ I ~ 3 ~2 +?(}
@ :rVP:
~(I) =,2
r
* S~?
2x ~ ;~ ~ 3z12+~}
:2 ~ dlj ~ (3i:J Z r >i?) ~
( 'Yb ~ rrvi6 /Xf~)
-
2-- t;t,~
{= :~ + 2~ ~; (~)
2 ~W~) == ! (!)
-f
L-eb
2;o~
=D
~ "" 'A:. ~
-4> ~
J + 'LJ{
J:::
I
3
I
d:l.
I
I
'
q. 1- ?L. 3 = -;?; +- -
:::::J/
Q::,. -!2...::- -
8- +- -
.
"
()
J_
2-
2-3
J')L
2-
2.J
SOCIAL
~z + ( :=: 5-x- .
a./~
5
2
@ rVP I t:l'-~I::: ~ + '" X
an {W-x)
I ~(Z.) ~O .
!/r Tb Lo nt-e1; ~
'*' ~/:::: *+4~4cff,2(W'X) ItG ~ 'tL~r '31~!C'b)
Tro ~ ~ a/v~;
J::O~.
~ c::;. t.X-,3
=P
~/~ J +'X-'J/ .
DE ~
b+ rx'2JI :::: J+ 4rx4 ~J
/
4
2
cxa-
~
li~ ClhJ'
~::::
/';X3 ~J
dQ&
3
:.-f?
-~J
::::Llx dx 0tLf~
j IJZ.C-Z,J d:J
=:; Jlp:..~drx. =p tamJ- =. ?-4-+ C-.
! &vn ~) :::: 'X4~
SOCIAL
I. ~ Exacl; DE
~~1hL~
(tzt~)~
d{:::: 1:cdt;r. -f- ~ d~
£x atrnt4: TI I"" 'Nz~ +I:/f ftn,
dl ~ Ix d~ + 4d~ ;: (2.'L-2j)dx + (~2-J-4 21 3) ~
~ It~C4=P dl=oj
~:
¥ 1= c =D Z£~O/ ,"=0 =p #000
" dl
0
Oo =P h~ Ie -(JO =p tumbc0.'T//J ~'t 'X- mm \3
=DiEJ
:1
~ TF..e-
e.x.~
tU= P(xt't;)dx +Q(~t:A)el£1 v,
rxUd w be ex.aJ- 11 CL f-~ 1tf)L1'j)~
-tb6 . J W = dJ J
~; TI w~PdlJL +Q..dg 0 exaa ~ Ip,t Ox-]
~
uJ e-x;euJ;
=D W dJ
0=
,--0 PoIlJL +Q ~ '" h.d1<. ~ d;j
=D p= 11L ~ Q. 00 ~
=P fJJ '" I'lt.~ l1/Y\oI Q'It = ~ '1'
bd: ~ -= ~ 'X =D Pzr Gi.x
SOCIAL
@
Hetloct !:J.r ~e. :
Pd'X +Q d(1 -=: 0
( I )
~st eooe-: A~ t:Ra.:b
LV =PcJz. -I- Q ~ ~ exa.d
=p j I /YVc=J/
DE. 1
C1J = 0
==c> d!~o
:::::p t= c
S~:l!-LJ
M
~
can.e-
If LU in rneb excv:1 LXI~ ~~ tk 0 E
b~ a..
'f :=f (rx-/~) ~ tAa.h? lU ~
e.x
~)v)fL ~ d .
/FtR-
JJJ.JiJAr'o" f-;~ ~ == £:) (1)(,I ~) 'v) ~ CV1l T m.J;L~
T-'~".
/
~~.
gx~· saeve.. & DE: to d'-t- + ,~ x1~ =0
P
Q
Exa-J:: 7
~
p=~
=[)
Pij =1. J-==0 ~ 4Q~
Q. ::= ~ -'X =D t:{~--,
=== D
LV ~ tYU:Jb exa-c:t .
* Hd% b~ Cl/r1 Lmb-~ fo-dm p"'p (~~)
u drx-
+ ,f>(~-~)b· =0
p
Q
UJe.x.aeJ;
=D Ptf =.Q~ -==Pt; ~ +r' =~ (2}-x)l-!'(-I)
~~ +¥ =~ (~-~) [~V,a.f~~
POE
-jt S ifio- \X!e- m.e.e-J
fYhe-. Vn~ ~ p
SOCIAL
\XIe- ~ t:e-H f =-f' (r:r.) &'L ? =-f(t£J
x/-tk z ~ de-nJb lX/e'liC ~ CL ~~ be. c?f»~ fa
r p
*T~ r-=p(?L) e
~ = 0 e.vnJ h =f'
(3) ~
0 +7-f ~pJ(~_X)
Itcaff/~ be ~eJ h~
U~ 2-V~'k,ld'
-II'- T'O f;;.{fj)
~
~ =-0 evn.d ~ =p'
(3) =0
Jtj fl + Zf = 0
s o/?r:ruJt- ?
~ df := - 2-0 =c>.::le:> z.:b1
J
o d~
r
P
d
sit-==:. J-z~ .:;:=t/ LnL:=-zLn/LiI
F
~
0
K
. L.n £.. =- L YI rO(Z=t> L:= I(Jr~ _,
K
K
(jL
=() p:= ~z
SJnce.. V<I~ ~ i-
tXI~
GOJYl t.aJ<e- k ~ I
fO=~
-L. 0 dl)( .+ .--L ({;i - 'X ) dC{ :=:. 0
~2.
~z
()
0
I
J
~-rx. d
'L)'
-
d ~
1-
z.
~:=. 0 (exate
.
.
(
·L l1
g
J
(Don't sl'mpl'fy It)
uJ
=0
\L c. :. ..1
jJ
/: I
I /1
SOCIAL
(-? / I/o P amJ 10:= Q
~ ~ ~ p~ _, =p to:: J13- dx =V {=t + a(, ~ ),
iJ
~w~
!7JU>f'edt::eroc.
i~~+- CJ(~)
D ~::o ;z- + ~f(d)
~ -
IX-
()L
bd ~ =- Q ~
~2-
2 t ---w
.'. 0I ( (1) :::t (~It ~ x)
-::::::=D
~ (~) := Ln I ~ J + K
=D
{=;+Ln/~)+K
SUnOL 1Ve. ~ 1! We. Cd/Y1 taJ<~ \( =0
t= ~ +Ln Ij1
~ s~; I=c
r; + Ln I~ I ~ c-]
p~ (/-20)
H\)(/ ( 1/ ~ I
JI J ) Lt )
@
! ( e-~ - ~ e-~) d Q
+ {Q e.,';1_ e~d:J =-D .
Q
f?
*£xcul ?
Pl1 - e)~ e')L I
o -
".} ==-0 e ~ 0 /"I" ~ UJ lh e--xcul
u
SOCIAL
I
/'\
SOCIAL
Q,+23
(":t-+~)
1
o ::;, fl ( t;t e + I) +? (,{, e + I .:=D p :::: -p .
-D r ~ k'e:-'-'C (~Vn ~ 1-)
Take.
K-= { ==off -= e- Z]
(I)=D (e,~-~ e:~) d'X.
+(Q.ePH~-~)d~ =0 .
*r {/ ell =-W
t= Xe-~+23e--~·
sef!u.l:L.m I:=.c.
~
.-Z, /'
==::::{;>
~ ~ +(J e.
-=== L-
.
@
-3'(1dx +2-Xd~=O (I)
I
I
L-.J
P
Q
M~11& bOf =- ,PC QL/ dl
-3~fd~+2?L'pd2j=o
(2)
uJ e.xoA :=D
P~.::: Q-z; =0 -3f' -3C11j = 2f+ 2X/i..
-3 ~~ == t5r + 2?Lfi .
T~: f' -; fCrx)
=:D Rt copl evnd 11':::0 .
o =. 5,0 +2 'A.-d =C> 2 Qt, df ~ _'Sf' .=v.Ee.:-c;d""
I
I
d~.?
2..~
( In
r
I
SOCIAL
SOCIAL
(,5 L~'hedY
DE
~: A
Is~ edm- D E.
'v> t>adl b be. L ~ 'iJ () ,;-, c{tJ......
~ ~
[~l + (1.( x)~ -'= r-('k) ]
~ TlVz-~ ~ ba. tJk LDE tr,:
I~=~ Jfvdx J
~ if =
am ~ ~.
e]a-C<>c)dxJ eaQa.J
~,
t--1L,-ehf~ (I) b8 f =- f\~) :
~J
+
f:= f
(2)
Q
~
l
flr u
u
Leh (' be ~ ~ tRai f~J +CLClf C=({''j)
I
(3)
CL
f Sl -+ a.. 'tJ f := f'~ -+-f(f =D O<-'8F -= f 8
==C> 0. f -=-?
/
o...p; dp =c> Jp-= a.(oc)d<:<: =oJ.~-)a(Q:)d~.
d~
p
p
Lh --
P- JQ(~)d~
==D - f
= e Ja.(fJ6)d';t .
K
K
fa.. (tA:-) d~
We. ~ d P ~ Take k:= I =[;> P = e
SOCIAL
Bey nov II,' tguah'oh;
4' +
Q (1:-) 4 ;: y(rx,) ~m -\X/~ m:4 0
o
0
t'Yl:t1
I
:. a + a.(,x)a-=y-(-z-)
I-m
:=D
?JI + Q,(r;t)(I-h1)3-=- (1-01) r(x) L DE
§~ S&Eve.
~) c-
CL Y - hy 2
(w2Qd L~ rr::!!t::)
o
0
(tJ<..lb)~omh.
~1 -Cl.-~ =-b t (6~)
~
0ivLck.. 1,0 2JL
-2
J
-I
I
~ d - a. ~
=-b
Sc./;;n Z
I
- I- ~
-I
)
-2
I
-2..
I
I
~ l-U {)::= (J
~ b -= -c1
~
-D ~
~ = - ~
;. -i- a J-
- b -D i +et-3 ." 1,
(U~E)
0=
~'
Jll-('>-),:),x
Sa eJlt
cvx. tJ~::I~ _ 0/)(.7
1rn~ ~ f=' e
= e
-= e
=vr::-e. J
0L
~ 5~
;, CO i-if rch -=
e~,,-j ell. j, dry.
SOCIAL
@
~.
JeUQL)d<t
J3rx.2-dO!
7..J2. +~c
~3
¥ f~e:.
=-
e
-:= e .
===D f::=' e
3
* S~: 2J c; 7-Jf' rcIrx. '" ~~3 Je'L £'Z~h ~ drx.
'~.:: -'3
J~h OL ck,
-=D
o
eX
J
Lj 3_ ~ (C8?h t;t, tC)
o
e'Z
Ch'JpteY" :2
Second Ordey L DE
2.3 O~ 0f~
~ Ii
2-~ cru:Lw DE !.D r:x:WJ bY be .~ f (j- ~ et ~
~ :I~ 1/ -+
a (r;x.) ~ I + .b (IX) ~ = v(fA',) I (I )
'Xt
Y(~)::;o ~
~/J + a('X)~ I + b(00)~ ~ 0 i0 ~ a. I-I~~
1.- DE ~
(tJL D£)
I\I~
IV
It we ~
~ I bS O~ cifYtc1 lilt bet D2..~
.tk.m
D2~ + a..,(':\:,) 0:3 + 1, ('X) d = v(11'-)
( 1)2.+ CL 0 + b) 21
=== v( ';t)
Let
L = D2 + a. D + b
t9w" [L ((1) = r(fA',) ] (I I)
1l\wwm: ~ Of~ L- G0 i~ . 11uJ; h:
I) L (~, 1- ~~ ) -: L CCd.) + L (~;L '>
SOCIAL
~ '.
L(Cli +-~) '" (.c{+ a.D +b) (~I +8z.)
_
(~~'.+~:) 4- Cl (~/ + ~~ )+b{81+~~)
:::
(~I/I + CL~~ -I- h.JJ) + «(j~ + a~~ -{- b2},)
__ L ( ~( ) -/- L(~~ )
L- (tX~) := (D2 + 0.. D + 1) (0<.~ )
=-
~ d'l + a p(~/ +hoZ ~ = 0<. (~JJ+a~1 + b ~ )~D( L(~)
D~ PtLBb 2.3
hJ
2; f
2- ._~ Hi-DE
~ : ~
&z~~ tiLDE', ~11+t.l(fX.)(1J+~'X)~=o(I)
It :3 ~ 8
ClIlJ>.. 2 ~ t&- (i) ~ 02'-0 ~
1
z
~<flt~ 1~, ctmd dZ ~ a.0>& a.. ~ ta- (t)
'I/ C j cJJYt-d C-z 0flY- ~ ~ Cj ~( + ~ 2:12- ~~ 0
2i~ cumb~ at~, /~2-- .
p~ ~
~, ~ a- ~ dJ (I) -D lfJ" + a(o:t.)Ll I + bcO(,)<.l = 0 ==DU~)~o
'0
I
0,
Of
I
~~ if:> CL ~ af (I) ==D 1- (()~) = 0 .
L (ci 23, + C 2- ~2-) ~ L (c.i ~I ) + L ( G2 Cd2 )
:= C j L (J:j) + Cz L C~2)
::::: c/,o +cz,o-=o
SOCIAL
1\)(/0 ~~ ~, amd ~2- evt.e.. ~ bs-he- .~ ck-p~
tt 3 :t ~ C j curu:J C2-
( rna:t bfilA 0) ~J\ t-f{pi
J Ci ~ I + C2- ~ 2-'" oj
~:
~,amd~2- ~ ~ ~ ~I
1l- (~ ~2-)~~.
~~
~t
~: xt ~,/{l2 ~ Ma-~~~69-
~ HLDE,'
(ji)+
CL('X.)~I + 1xx.)~ =: b (I) ~ ~
~. ~ ~
[ (j::C C, i:1( + C-z. 112.-]
KrnBIXlJo 8, IuwU In ~ ~z ?
Let cJ be
CL ~ 1»- (I) ~ yl/ + a.~1 + 64= 0
0/
Ot
I
0/
'T'"'b t& fmJ
2.>d~ r{~ .juum tiz.=3
Q
'1:'(?<-)
1
4 ~ :.-;j) 0
1J + a. U I + by
:=: b
(3)
Oz.
CJz.,
(Jz.
Uz
<.1
:= 2:1 19-
==t>
~ I ~ ~ I '13- + U-'l9-i
Oz;
(
Z.
I
0t
.
I
j
/1
;.::[) U 1/ +- <..{ II tt9- + U /,,;r! + U ~ + d 119
cJz.
0,
o(
0,
I
SOCIAL
Ln ~ + Ln ~12. :c; - fi-llX..) drx- ::::D Ln (~~l<") -= _f a(",-) &u
I
2.
(. L
f))-- zjI
- j a(1)(.. ) ux.
I
C
- J'a-Crx.) dtx
--:= e
-==D
f5l-.:;:
e
c
~~
if -:1:1 c..= 0 ~ vi=-o
f>
CJ:J-=cJ!.. =P
)jz.::: f[T V, ~
=D ~I am.d?3z ClIL<- ~ ::J~ .
~ Tf c. c::FO =P 'l'!*0 =P ~ = 'I:T V, me/; ~
ill
=0 :3/ 1~2
CltlsL ~ ~ekrem.kvti.
r J(iK~
C ~I
jJ)
I
J
- fa(~)d~
j I-Ja{I)£,)b
~
~ ru-..:: -
e
. 1?
t"U~(?f..,).::.
-
e
0 j'X....
d{Z
~z
.
J 1
I
-Ja(~}df)L
~Z" ~I 1)-
.:=p 13z. =- 2j/
~ e
d-x.
~ If :J, u,a. ~~ w~ HI-DE:
~/) .+ aCrx) ZJ If b(x)g :; 0 ~ -tfk-
.~&n La
rz;-=
--
f 1
- /0.(1)(0) eJl)L I
0t' C,il, + Cz. ';1;] ~ ~2-'::: 2j, iT e-
a'lL
~x~: Se&e..ik- HLDE ljQ2i'+'BX~'+S=(J (x>o)
J-Ifnt-: FWd 0- f~ ~ Bjtk.r 2l/=xln
tf/
J
trl-I
.
m-z
~:::
t;t.
~
~ = M ?0
=0 ~ II = m I /Yl - I) ~
4J
2
(I) -=={;:/
)6 (M)(m_l)xm- z +cz?t. rnxm-l+xJ'Y)-=O.
==p
'X m [4 m (rtl. -,) + 21 rr) + I' := 0
___~_~~- ±:JlJJ6~7~_ ""------"----_
b~1
SOCIAL
I) F ('X'd}' ~/j) =- 0
Ccvr1 be. it
~O--
lSr ~ DE. b~ .'
3 ~ Cj
=P dII ;. 81 =P F (IX
= g/
/2- /'ji
::: 0 ~~ i
j
~J F( f:}/ 8 ~ Ii)
Co-tn be
~
-:=: 0
CJ=-~ }
Unh& 0-.
st
1 ~ DE
~
121
d/=J
p
LA 1/ = '{.I c= d".. z
J- ~ ~ & (1'-= J3'
r--
o~_o
~d?L
dO dx
d
i
CF(~ /J- I j §' ~~~
£~ 2. I
( ( -- zz-)
HIX/( ~ / J1" J ~ I Z 0 )
~
2
'2.
_L.....
,',._rlt1J0. ) 7
~
~,-= CffJ ?L 1:3 ::: /;){I'""1 'Z (·cvr· {)l.. vrv-
.
2
~:: ud~
(p m6t ~ :c=Pt1j /& CW2-lvn. w,~.
~z
SOCIAL
-iTt ~~ 0 ==D
~/.::. 0 ~ [<a e-J
. k
2
~
d~
d
~ ~ _~'NHLtJo
I
-f d:1
=: - J /)//1121 =t> 11 =-- (>VYl ~
~
~ ~
f~ ~ J-~!j~ =P -t=W) j +GI
=D '-t =: c.= .'j +G( =0 - ~ =UbCJ j.L(
- d IX -:. (Cft>); +(.,) d~ /Xf~
f -dlX =-J(UP» -J-c,)d:3
=f) [- X =: ~ ~ -I- G, g 1- C Z_)
2..)
II
I
@
( 1
d - 2XC3 + 2.c8 -= 0
2-2-
-?t
t/I
Zrx..
/
z..
o -
1_ 7tZ ~
-+ J _ x"Z d ~ 0
L DE.
_~: Vmfo -fflo1 ~l =- ~ if, a- ~
d==- 'X .~ 2J 1= I -0 ~ 1/ = 0
.
[I):::./)
0
- 2x ( J) +zX::=-o e----
If
r l
p--- f Q ex)~-:(
r I
d?- -= lj,
_r
SOCIAL
~ :::) -- ~ dl--
2- J 1
Dbc
A
;xL ((~;X)
f~ f'~~)-f~~
Y )
-
I
-~
;Z'1((--;LJ ~ -X'1I-X) C1+1-) -I-
J:
~~~~ ~~ * D)I)-I
tX:2-~
~-~vd ~
(a~o)
:1) It 'tL., f&X/erv> B/t7l-
OJ/.£.. eA!em We U
X= 'Xz..,;, tIL.. ~
, I
__ _
I
== -L + __'_
~Z(I -'1Y)
)((I - ~)
X
t - X
::: ~ + .J-
=- .J- +-'--
'Xz.
I _1<-2
1';0~
(l-7<.)U+x,)
SOCIAL
2.2 2~~ HL-Of:- wJi ~ ~
~ t:9t.... 2ru:J~ I-IL-D£C.: [~JI+CL2(+biJ~Ol(l)
\X/~ a.. cw.d b CV7.JL ~
AIX
ptfrd CLF~ ~ e1~~ St=e
,,'1:.
J
\
Ajt
I)
\.C.
~ 'X.
~.:: e
==t:' d::; ",e
==t) ~ = 1\ e
AeArx-+
~ ~ (I) ,.
'A
2 2'r:k.+ 0.
betx-==. 0
( >-z. + C<.. >. + b) e!'~ =0
=C> 1r--:X--:::z.:---+-o..-~-+-1-::;:-0---'1 ('2:)
I
(2-) ~ c.oQ(kd
.~
I
~.
II \ io (h rcoot W- (2) ~ ~/'" e>-''X.v,{h ~ bY{/)
.t'CiJnP- It 6 =cl--it), >0 'IYuun (z) ha.0 2-~~
twtif;; PI ¥}. 2.7=D 13, ~ e A, 'X.w=1 ~2-"'" 1'2-"'- afU2.. Z. ~
~~ eX,'X.", e.(>..,->'Z)?<-0 rrwC ~ b~ A, :f.t-z
~ z.
e>-7. 'X
-:::v LJ I / ij2. 0/tsL ~~ t/tldar~-
~
.S~tiEYn '.
~ -= G, ~( + c z-~z .
).., ?L
Az. IX,
C, ~
+ Cz e.
SOCIAL
n.. ._ t7.
,
.
Ai st.
)., I)(..
~5~ ~:;::Clzjl+CZ~2-; C,e
+CZr;z..,e
[ d~ (~ 1-(.2'1<. ) t!''X./
3rd,.... ,...0
'.
• jJ
_-+
\.
VUJ~
T b b <0 .t9ttm (2) b
2- ~ ~'.
\~=o(j;15
-==C> 0; :0 e:' r.t.cvnd }Z-=. e!'?- 'X cJJU.
Z ~
1(3 *g
h~
-f-~I?~A aJL<z.. ~ ~(~ ~elj{L~
~-ZJ
ex~~)
~ ~ ~Uun he,~l ~ .~"
%'1 =- e!" Z e(tXt-.«3)?<-_ e rX.?<- +--'th: r!"'-(tff{5':L +,c~f3')0)
;>"z...~
o(fJ<. -.tf5x-
o<.q. (
.).
~z := e
-= e
;:: e
~fBrx..- - i f)l/Y) (3 'X
@ =0 ~~ '1Z~ Coab&-t7~&{j)
X
~, +~ :::: 2 ec<..'X..cm(3"A..
=D --t ~, + -t h. =- e,rX..'X-cft>f3?L {/-, 0. ~
~ at'J( amdJz =P 13 '" elX~jjtL t-o,a. ~~
1
1f ~ --~ -= zl eP(~arx =D ~ _ '32. _ rJCXfX..
~ (3
I
_.
_ _ J-()
(II
0/
tJ '&
r
~
-, -
~
/Xn1
Q
L.O UI>'U1l..11JV\ .J()J).
.
2,(
Jt-<.
esmb.
==I) dz;"e~~p0t ~~ ~~.
* ~=- ~f3~ t-, ~ ~b~ fJ-F b
=f)~{/»z-~:!i.r"
~Jud ~
~ '" C-':J I + C z 'J2
123~ etX'X.. (c, (ff)(3Q +Cz~ f3~ ·
SOCIAL
@
© ~'+L({+5d
HL[)Ec.
=0
~. ecru
).,z + 2 A +5 ",0
.2
~:/.::. l'2 -
a...c. :::-- I - 5" ::=- - It =l; L
f,::: -:.11=JtJ::::
0< + )'..;9
-I ±2{ '=
tt.
I
0('2 .
~.5t1.
d::; e
(C1C&:>(d'X -f C2 My2'X)
0::; e-'X (c, Cfu2~-+ Cz oi., 2 ':l)
SOCIAL
SOCIAL
r~ p~ l
dlo ) =~ ;:::{> cJ=~o
~
:=\? ~ :: ~D Uh LV t + Cz /Y.rf\ 4lt
T~ V~:
~J(o)z; fl{;
~(i)~-~ uJ rxinuJt +cz wabw-l;
o
~
,==D ~/(O):=; CL W.z 1% ::=p e.g. = ~
p~ B/ m al ~ (;,
23(c)~ ~~l.Ut -+ ~ .",;", cUi .
S
'
~. r'
I
A h'l{)JY) cf h1 keJ ~~O(..
~~'
~/->m~.
ht
Ii1 riz
r
1<1.
)( Ab ~ er-£{.b~ f~/ ilk- j)Wm CJ/ aQk!., ~ 0 o. ~
~ ~ w ~i*J 0 J, '" m8 .
1M j<n-'-"- r
tflu-- ~ O'YI
1Y1 :n : J:..= - k 6.L (/-I~<h LaW)
6L:= h -==0 g~ -b,
" + J
=P VYl3 - k;> =
=p [ k- ~'iLJ
0
0
z
fxary4.
A ,baiR.. t( W~ w- m~ =3:3 N.wbsrv> .~o..
sf~ o. I meiM....
0-) F'thu:J tk.. Sf~ ~ k.
b) \X/e f'~ dwrIm ~ baiQ am
CLdJ~lt~ (). 15 Vn ~ ~
J- \X/~ Q/tl .~ v'~ ttJQ -=: D-35J67 mjpec
I F<in.d ~
~ (~M!l,
C) FVd til..- f rv0Jd T
c;r,-r.J tk.. ~C:J !
~~--------'==--=-----------
SOCIAL
~ .:: Ct U<n i iJZ6 + C2- nw, =+J2{;
/) ~ I", - 1JZ:e,'*"1tf2h lficz/>i"wt/:
* ~ (0) '::: O. I ro
==t;> c,:;; O. 's
*"
L~/( 0) ==. o. 35'" J7=p 1-JZ Cz :=: O. 35 V?' :::0 (.2- := o,o'[;&'
[d':: 0,15 L£YJ1tE& +- 0,05' J3' ~ 1J"it, I
51 1M- p~ T
VJ ~ ~ mewlad t&-~h -1~
['G ~ 1 c>1''''::]
Tk ~ 0 til.<. ~en( ~ f07.- ~
I~
7T,~
i
> 1 ~
/r---g=-+-~-I -=t>!! = ~ ~]
PrWb 2. 4
J-I- W ( /1/ 2~j ,LL)I 5")
SOCIAL
z,e; £~_ ~ £~ftT1
ifi..L 2~d~ (;~-("~ ~ iD<f&pum
I-:i'-(j }j + tl 'X. ~ I -t- b21 '" 0 1- \XIlw-<.<-
CL and b (;lJU1...
~.
IhW iDlL L.-Dr: but t:R..- ~ aC'X)= ~ ,b<oc)~~~
d.Sf rnelkd;;
rtft,J 0- p~ .~ at ~ ~ Gt= ~
GIn z.hdc;rukrt
CJ
ar>d Mil
~J..
rn
I
m-/.I
m-2.
.
":J''JJ'l. tJUJJU\ i.{:= fX.
-p U ~ vn X
..==:/? U == )7) ( h1.- J) OC
0t.LL~~.
<J
0
0
(I) =D
Tn (Yn- I ) rx.rn + (A. h/'/LYY) + b '2rr)= 0
::::;;-D
IT)Z _
j71 + Cl. Wl +-b .::: 0
=p {rn" +(0- -I)::;;:r; =0 7(2)
II h'1 in Q. ~ fa. (2) .~
'X-h'1?:,Q ~ ttrCi)
*" rf 6>e>·~(z) k
2~~~m'lm2
;V ~ 1:0 ~m j ~ ~t ';t, I'Ylz alV2-
z..Q,;." ~, ~.
I'r-.~ _ r _IJ
Yl'Ij
Ynz
lX/Il . dB( :
~.::. C t f)L + Co2 f)6
)i.
T t l:J:= 0 ~ (2-) Jruv> a.. ~ ~ m J":::. iYJ-z -::::D ~,:::; 'X-m, ~ CA..
.~b(i) ..
. n4 _/1--H ~ .
J I
-J~ (~) d?<.
2 S~'"
212-= ~(
-2- e
d~
~(
&m, Sri! 6:0 C I I)l/"\- Cz '62
If xl !J <,0 ~ (2) han 2 ~ ~ :;~:o IXi' ;til' .
~ ~ j = 'X>mI at>'U:i ~z. =~mZ. arvL Z ~~ W- (I) kJ
'"
11
, .I
SOCIAL
SOCIAL
LeJJ
/t,L/::: eb ==p
~ +Z~ + ~=o
+lLD£ C
* ~. etju
Az.. + z ~ + I=-O -==0 A I :::. "'~:=; -I
~ ;;. (c( +cz,t )e.-6 =D CJ = (c, +-cz- LV! JXI) l-xrl
.
("
Cz-
Ln I~I
~.=
ItX.-/ + I?d
~ ~I~ 8z, anR- ~ ~., W=o
~
~I '~2- .~ ~ <1=P t;G(j;::p~?-C~1
\XI ~ ~ t ~ ~ - ~2- ~ I' :=: dI ( C. ~ Ii) - (C ~I) ~/ .=;; 0
.
PrWb 2, {,
(J -
J 1-)
H'XI ( 1-/ j / )3J 11-)
3.4?t
-2S7L
(() j/ = e
i ~z,=e
-z9x.
-2se
a..) L/Yl. def.?
3.1.( 'X.
e"
SOCIAL
~ P'v.J a. LDE: wlw>e- ~ =
g,t~2.
~I t ~z.
cu-az- ~ fD- Vh. HL DEC lX/iw= ~. ~
b2~ ~~ "',-=3,4 / Az.-=-2.S
cLn.. er-: (>. - ),./ ) (A- >-z ) = 0
:==D (>-. -3. l( ) (>-+ 2.SJ~ Q
2.
'-==0
A"- o.3A - 2?/5"' ~ tJ .
LDE: I'aN - 0 .3~ '- 2S21 =0I
L_~i"") ..
i)
SOCIAL
~.~;
(~-AI)(A-Az)ZD
( \ + I +i) ( ~+ J _ i ) ::; 0
.. -e> (>-. + 1)2_.-<-2 -== 0
=P >? -+Z A +1 + 1 =-0 =p 'A
2
.,.. Z>- -I- 2 ==D
1-Df:
~ of- f~ +2.~ ." a .
o.-i~
('_ • .r~n..
Z-
JI
Q.~3
J
~6~: rx ~ + 3tz~ +2~ =-0
2.'1
Nonhomofj€
.he.oUS
LDE
'~ I ~
~-iYuz.- !-De. ~
~/I+ a(x):cl' + l(rx)~ == vex) (I)
Lei ~h be -&- ~ IJJ- tt-H L-D£,' ~JI+ a.(x)~ '+ b(z)j =0 (2.)
Leh
~f be .be. Q
~~bJ.(I),t1m ~~
~ f:cr (I) ~
~::: i3h -t ~p
RriJ8g,. V j.=: ~h + ~p if.> a.. ~ br (I) 7
L(21) -= y(~) ?
~h 0
Ct-
..d. 1::& (2) ==[) L~h)~O
~p {p 0- d. I:a-(I)
=c::P
U~f') ~ Y(x)
L(~) := L ( ~h +~~) -= L( ~h) + L (~f)=- 0 + y-(~)
-==D iJ ~ ()., a. ta- (t )
1
:J,) Ao~ t&(O Lo~tAa-rm /:j=:Jh -t~i .
Leb
~ be, O-~ t:trCt)
~.D L~)::: v(;t)
Z3, ir, 0.. ~. 6a-(I) =c> U,)jf) :-> Y'(-x.)
==D L C~) - L ((Jp) '::: Y - y
-==17 L (;j - ~f ) -::; 0 =0 d ~p VJ
0. /Xi - 6-(z') .
SOCIAL
g)(~ I
~" + q~ '" 1)0 (I)
1-10 m ~U
: ~" + 4~ "'0 (2) I1L D£ C
\2
:z.
'2.
~I
+2.'
...
1\ -+ 4::; 0
===c>;\ ~ - '-f -== l.t A.,
===C> ~z. ~ -
A. '=-0( !;13
~h:= eO 'X.( c, ~ 2·X -r Czd"llZ'z)
[ ~h '" c/ CBY2.?L +Gz ~ 2XI
Pani;;. sdl. (G-ue ss ~f)
4~ =~ =I>/iJ '" 7; )=oj> j' ~ t =Pbl'=-O1
~ Vn (I)
o+4(~)= 'L V
[~f=f]
G&n. SoI
d=d3h -+::J
-=t> l~~-':::'-C-(-C£b-2-'X-'F-C-2--.~~'-Z~--f-v'l
p
c~z.
'):,2-~JI @~~/ +2~ '" rx--lt (I)
a-=- -2
IIDm. S:,l: Q,Z-:;j" _ 2'Z ~'+22 '='0
(2.) ~
L-ee
(?L ( :: eC~ ·t =: Lv> (x I
-I? gf}~ +2.(1 = 0
1-1 LO£ C
0--1 ~ -3
l' c.9zan. ~:
)..2._ 3). +2 :::: 0 .:::::i/ >--1 =I
I ).Z. '" z..
'.
/.. t
>... t
t
.
zt
«
S oe
~ .:: K, e' +-I<z. e ~ =P ~ =KI e + K:z e
l:J= K,lxj + kz/'Z/z= €§yx.
+~~2
C.
Cz.
[-~-h-= -c.-,~-+-C-2-----:?-~r
D
1
C IJ
--../J ... ~/
J
SOCIAL
.-6
"
_J,
1-5"
v(Ji
ZOa.. x..
r< +IS =r£1.f .::::;p
~:::: 0... X '-f -==D ~ -= - 40.. XJ
-=9 (j =
~ Un (I): z. Oa.. ti: it + 25C\. <;i:4+ ZA ~-4 = ~- 4
=0 30a. '" { =C> a. =~ =I~-=-~-~--4---']
('- ~
S {
\(
-
Z-
- 4/
L>VJ1.
~.
_d- c, x -f Cz X
-+ ~ 'X
3 Y'd~ -k>- obfa;.,. ~f i
Uh det-e~ l'Yllne-d Coef,frclenrS He-rho~ "
~ tJk LDE : ~I/ + a.~/ + htj ~ V(Ql.)
( I)
whm..a- CL omd b arr.e.. ~
Let !:J~ ~ CI~I + Ce~z- k ~ ~ b-~ ~LDEL
.
d -fad I -+ ~a ::=: 0(2.)
:lA~m1L blctl-
~(~) b
frM- E(~,~~ ~:
l2!fe i: r(rx.,) == ~(~) =- ao -+ ct(?<. + . ,,1- cth xniho. p~ at dar n.
Tdfe 2-!
r(x):::: etXlX. ~ (x)
T,!1'''- 3:
r (X) = e..>'-?<- [Pn (CL) CD:>(?'X. + Qh(<x-) ~'X-J
W~ n~ Max rck~(pY)) ~ ~ (Qt))J
--rFiMJ (I) b
a ~~ t>b.tk.. ~ Of'" Qh1::J(~)
\XJhuuz.- ?J (?v) ha.t> ~ ~ ~ t:t/:) ("(x) anc1 m io'~~'k
nBY/7Lv
r
e- ~. ~ &l- 2j ::~~t?0) ~cL ~
~ 1~~-tkJ-aJU2.'P~~b(2-) ..
~I
(oj" -2-2(-:::0 xl. (I)
W.A1'1L~'
1. 11
'7 ..• 1
~
1 ... '\
111""'
SOCIAL
pdJ.J;. S8f.,!
15r~ ~ (}f : - z~ J;;I;t2. =c> !'J '.:: .::.t :=D ~"==-'X.
(I) ==0 (-7<.) - 2 (- ;L) =. fL2.
x· X
Zhdme1fiocJ
L I-J S Ii:> ~ a. ~~.
3rJ~
U~u1.:.ct=-z./b:::o m=~.
y(~) == /X
~
~C?(.) (TYF I)
•.• (i) h.v, 0- f'~~ ri ~~ j ~~fz(?<j
~ ::-
I)<-I'fl ( 0. I;t2..+ k +c)
~ rn FO b~ ~=a.¢+bx+c v,~
~ ~~ 6f! ~ 2, X and '/ c.vn.J i (./:)
tl. ~ -!:b-(Z)
*lm -= Ij b~ ·x~. /)(.2~ X
ClfV2. m-eb ~fu{2)
~ =- OJ}/,3 + h?f+ c 'X. =I;::> gJ -= 3a-~2-t--2 b?l t-C ,=p
dil :::. , a rx + 2 b.
~ v" (I) " l'bQQ+Zb)- 2(30. o:.-z-i-2b~ -f-G):::'-:z,z
utat t;t.2:. -
bet:=. {
:=:0 a.. = - ~
ce18t ~ ~ £Q-i;Lo =0 b -_~:::--It
~ . Zb - 2G::::: 0
.::=1;> C -h -= -~I
'f
~p _- _L'""lf"3 _ J
,.." z.
1
0,
t
'4 'V -II 'JL
A.
SOCIAL
z~
2~
~
~ ~ a. r:x.- e
.=={) C1 J -;. 0... ~
..f za. ~ e:;
2,,~
2fX..
Vx.
(J).
z.n,.
:::::;D~'I::, Za-e..
+ la- e + ltCl/)l_e, ::: l.(a.e: +~a.'Xe
'Lx
'/../11.. .
fft..
'2/2#.)
2,'2
tI) -p ([{tA. e + ILia/x. e, ) - z( ae.. +~a '1t e. I
;. e.
m
e~
/
:::=[) 2 a e
:;:; ~~D Za...=. I ==1/ ct.:::: z
/ ~f ~ -t X e-
2'7
G&n. So /. l 3 ~ C, -f C2-e?"'-+ -t- Q. e2-"'-1
5 UrYl Rul e
(py-t'I'1Gie!~ _t>J Supe-rpost't/or)
Let
~p. be. CL-~ ~ f»
OJt+b.(x)~'+b(x)~
=~(",)
'JPz. be-a pwJ;. Sol !:fr
~J'+a,(x)81+b(x)1J::; Yz.-(x)
'Thv" ~
:= ~R + j
~
(L pnI. Sol br
f
(
&
II
J
~ + a(2) ~ -+ b<~) ij =- r; (x) -+ r~ (1](,)
()
() ..
~
.
SOCIAL
@ -x,'2~ Ii-
Z-~ ~ I + 2. tI .::,[/ +J'?l '
(j) ~z~ "._ ?<.. zj' +-
~ .::: Ln (?6)
® <:C t - z~ :: 01.-+ R
(I)
/-10m. Sol.
~2-~" - 2.(3::: 0 (2.) ~c.Ib a ~ 0/ 6= -z.
Lei t~1 ~ e b -p t ==
Lrd~l
j i i -zd' ::: 0
H L-DEC
et-i-=--I
'\2. _ ~ _2 .::: 0 =P A{::: - I
~2.. ;;:: J.
I
._ k -t
zt
z
+ )(
.z.
~
-
j e + K2 e :::. k',} rx.)
:=; - -L4- !<2 x
h
~
C,
2.
dh ~ Ii"" .+ Cg ~
f~. Sol. "
27.)4"- Z)\::: rX. (3)
SOCIAL
r:>t'!JJ/ _ Z~ -::-- G' (l.t)
R/-IS -== J;:' .~ d,f2.
'T~ fb r
a. pe/!. i tAo- pum C1:= 0. rx'h
~' "' +a. r£YQ.. ~ ';1'1;> - -q- CL ri' 3/2..
(4) =1/ fa. iX-\-t2 - 2Cl. r,t,l<l. "' fX"ye-
-=P -l a. => I ~ a. ~-~
[~ t{' --} .1>-] (po. fcu-J,. neE. b:r (If)
f?q .~
/')Urn') Rulk.-:
t-\::; t1
4- (,{
~ - 3:- - JL ~
o
0 f
F;
0{2.
2-:)
Gun .s'ot.
~:::- gh+gp
Cj
2!Z...
I,
Q
d;: .---;;;:
-
2-
~
+ C-z. X
-
V%
fbnl, SoL
(u~'\de f. Cret.)
rex) '" 2 oX ~ ~ '" e,0X( p,CO:>':X. + QI~ -x.) Type 3
(I) b
?L ponJ:,. rxR. 1 tR.-~
d::: IXIn ~ ( IX):::
QLm r0-1)(. +lVun()(. + (ox. + d )~.,;;) .
I
.
SOCIAL
--
------
®
~::: (aOG+b)C8JQ<. +(c,z+d)~QL
~).:::: a- CBJ rx. .- (CVX +b) nhJ?t .f>G t::>&J QL -f' (G x -td) Lib x .
2jll~ _2 (.L ~ 'X. .- (a c;u. b) C8JX +- 2c. Qb~
- (c. 'X -I- oj) ~ IX.
I
[1) ==C'
- 2a. ~?(
- (a x~ (X, + 2 C CB::>Q(
_
(CX~~ 9G
-I- 2q ctP~ -- 2 (~~-rh)~ rx, + 2c ~ 'X-t-
z(c,~·+d)c»;)x
+( a ?t~c.m~ + (ex~~ Q := 2x ~Yl ct
&../. ~ ~ Cf:brx : 2.C -::: 0
--0 c = 0
caf· 0/ IX. ~ ~
-2ct ~
==D
i
:
2-
a,::: ....
of'1
"
2C-+2a+zJ~o:==od-=
[.£r>X
euf··ct
: -2<>.. - -z-b + 2G:::.o =0 J,.= I
~ 'X.
[ck= (-~ +/ ) CtbiJ:, + t?0,?L]
z
G&n. Sol: l ~ ~ (Ct + Cz -::t.) e- + (I - ';t)CR>~ +- oW, 'X j
@ Tv p;
~/I - 2(\/.; /zl-"-- "i5 eo-2x
~(o)
-
0/(0) ~/2..-
::J
2. I
1
flam. Sol.
gil - 2 0
-:;- ()
H L DE C
A?--
Z A ::= 0
-=c> A,::; 0
/
~i =: 2
[ ~"- c, +Cz~1 ~I = i
/ ~-eX.
SOCIAL
~J
~JJ - 2(J' "" IZ l-x. (3)
2
r(Q,) :/ /2. e=
Pc, e. ?<. (lyre 2.)
.~~
m
m
~~
(3) han CL~ sd. r tk--r-' ~=x ~(f)<)='X C1. e. .
w~ rn 1= 0 b~ e
212wo.- nee. &e-(2.).
rr}==l
b~ rx..lZ~rnu6a..~.
to-Cz).
z.'X
Zrx.
l
Zx I
2 a. e.
= /2. e;
=p ~ '= b] =?1:3fi'= (;-z- e. ,j
* ~J) _ z~/ ~ -'6 e-2~ (It)
y(IX. ) -" Po e-2')(=p (4 )}W.b CL ~ • ScJ. of tL-. ~.
17)
-2f)(.
L.
I
-
-2'Z,
J
J .L_( )
~.=. X
Q e
WYl.I2f2e. m:= 0
t;eC, e.
V0 1"'lfJU a So ,U7 2.
--2..0(.,
'-20L
/
-2'k
~ :: CL ~
'==P j~:r::: - 2Q e
-==P j .::; '-t (k e
-2~- 2tX.-0~
(4-):::=i? '-f a.. e
-+- I..t a.. e:= - 8 e
'-===1/ If(L -= - ~ c:t>cL ~ - I
[~p~= -e-~J
Pn~5::,1.
[~ ::; C, + Ce.- ~"'-+ 6~ e'2"'=-. e 29<]
1
i::llo)=-2-=D C/-tCz-/O
_------- ----
SOCIAL
f<. L C - c..if(.uir-$
Po ~ at RoJv",." I
CLIn 'vnk~<'JL at L
J.I~/ cYMJ1 ~ UJ.F~CL ~ c r-uuL ~~
M nzrWu-, iLr aIY1 ~e F
(f:-.mI )( E vef.:b.;,
TFiJL. v~ duJp ~:
V.t!o- ~ R~ [£;RZ, Rr]
2) tA"... ~61.. L c:n[£L ~ L-r'J
WhuuLT'.; dI,
L
dt;
3) ~ C4pQ citam&- C ~ Fe := .
w~Q.LA
I :::. Q'
c
Kivc.hhoFfs LaW 'II We..
0J>">WYY1-"-. ~ £. ~CL v~dMr~
- E I ~ &
SUI)')') at o2J2 IJ~ ~s aJ""l8{Jtnd ~
~.~~O
(RLC-~b)
R =4 -Ill L= II-l/ C~o.?-es~·
E::.. 2-c; ~ t v~.
Q(0) = 0./ L (o):=. 0
.tlL-- ~ I.
ER. + EL + Ec.. --r (- E) ;;:, 0
.
R.I + LX) + R:=;,E -==D I.;T·+X
J+IIQ ~ zs~6 .
c
D~: 4 1:'1 + Tilt- 4Q/:::: 25~t
LJ T I -+ T'l + 4I =2 S" CJ):) (;- .
(2.
,.....----u
SOCIAL
1/
I
Q+LI(;(flfQ==O (2.) ~LD£C
'2
.2
~ + liA + 4 =0
-==/) ().+2) =0= >-.
Z A Z-2.
z
Q
(
J) -zt
h-=
C;+ CZC e
PcvJ. s:, I.
Unrlef. ut
r(b)z2f)~t:= eoC[Pa~t+Q6~tJ
fnr.e. 3
(J) har., tl fo.>c.t •sol. 0/-tJv- te='.
-or
:= taCt)=- t"'(CI-{.ff)C +- b~t)
whme..
I'Y)" 0 bee.. un t CUYl SVn t = nwt ~(~
Q:: Q cd + boUnt ~ b(= -a.. ~ t -f-b ar::>c
==0 0:' := -
C5JJt - b~t .
0
~ ~(I);-
(-ctCbJt - b~t) + 1.((-a ~t +bqpt)·t-4-(a.C<bt +b~ &):::; 25~t.
axf· et CD::> t : -OL-4b +40. = 0
=P x>'-+l.{b-=-o=o L -f
es-t et ~ t : - b - 'fa:.. +i, b.= 2.. S- -==t> -l; a. -l 3b:= 25
-I.{tl _5"'-::0 25 =0 - 2c:JCL = 25" c=p/o..= -4 ]
~
~
Ib=3J
C2.p= -4C8Jt +3~~
.
Gen. sol~
Q -= (C1+clt) e-2b_ 4 OPt + 3~t .
QeD) '=:. 0 ==0 C 1 -4- == 0
==C> C, =. '-f
__ J
-71
SOCIAL
IQ.= (1-/+ ql:; )e-z6
_ Lt Cib t + 3 ~-b 1
"* 1=::::- Q':; fJ e- z,b_ 2- (~ ·t 5 b)tiZ6+ I.; ~ t -+ 3e»::>c
[I::: (-3 -lot )e-z.t+lini,-, b + 3croi )
b) ShiYw t9uJ; T to &- /X¥m at 2 r~ IT elm<:! IS wk
~ IT.::o
6-WD
r,- ~ =-eM ~ T~ ~ .
IS '</:) ~j ~ S~-S~~ .
n.
(')
I b)' o-z·f;_ ()'-3 -lob
co -HI< ~ -/0
*b'YYl -0-0
v
-~
---
-0
-
-
ib-
b-)tOJ
eZ/;
co
Z e
.
*- ~
1I ~ b
d~Jyd·t ekui- =:DJ&m odt1& io
b-)-faJ
~ ~ 3 c.fYi
-=f;- 0
'
:) IT ::: (-3 -lot )eZJ a=JIIs ~ II rxdib + 3 cmtJ
c) U~ Hoi~ IdtL r+ et I
cmvd Is
-zt
~ [6_J ~ (-3 - iO-t) 1<' E
-+l[ sUn [&]+ 3CC1; [6];
IS [t- J:= Lj SlY! [b] .+ 3 Cs> f·b];
PfLot ["F·[bJ; TS[t]j / [t> O/IO]J.9
5
4
3
Z.
I
2
SOCIAL
f'ru:h 2.3 (I - 1'6')
1-1 IX/( 1;'5; II/let)
~ LC -C1'vwit-
L.-'" D,CS H; C:::; '6 x 104p-r=J
£ -==- b20 vol-r~
I Z (0) ~ Q (0) =- 0
£:L + Ec - £:::; 0 ==t> L.X j + %
.OJ E
104
b2.
()~ S" Q
I) + -
Q :=;
2
t:t + IO~CDO Q :::: 2 /:;2. =:===t> Q II + ZS-CO Q. :=; '2 /:,20(1)
4
n Jl
II
I
2.
\
¥ nOh1. 50.
\0(. + ZS"OOQ..:;;;oO==D >..
+z,~oo::::; 0
:::t> 1\ ,_ ±so;"
i'-z.-
Qh~ C,G6JSot +c.Z~506
p~.
r (i) == 2- /:;2~ P1.
.~e....
I
()) ~ a- fa.rtb· Sol. ~ ~ ~ .
n
h1
h1
'2.
.
to< -= b ~ -==
/;
( CL -b + hb -+ c )
\)(/~ m ~ 0 be.c.. t 2/ b am-d I 017.sL. rn&t .dJf. I:E- (?)
0
1
Q= C0-t2-+b-6 +c- ==D
= 2 ~ b+-6 -l) Q.II-
z~
l'): 2 a.. + ZSm (cttZ-rbt +C).::; 26<- .
/'J
dJ t/-,'
Z 500 Cl
d::> CA.::
{
:::. 2
\..AJ6 ()
I Z so
c18f {;-:
'2. '000 b "" 0
=D h:::> 0
. -/-.
0-
I
cervJl;
: 20. +Z50d C ==-0 =pc... -=:;
- ~ -:: -
'-"'\'L
(z-t;;o
(l '2--50
SOCIAL
Q =C j W::J~oh -t Cz ~ 5J6 -r.-L (b'--_ i- )
~?$O
12--50
¥- Q(oho ::=D C{ -
. (
:::0 =:DC z
I
(2S07.-
1;tSb'L.
+ XC0) :::; Q'CO) "" 0
==0 C =7
z
@ RL C- Ct'fCO/'t .. R=8Jl, L;::. D.S}--II C::. 0.1 r:- 1 E -=- loo~2t vo\t-S
EF< + EL+ Ec - E .::. 0
Q
)
·
L
f<I +L-T)+ _:=;; E =-D D.5I +S?T+'OQ=-ICO~Zu
c
Q I) +'6t;;zl + 2-- 0 Q::= 2. 00~ 2 i::- (I)
"* Hom. Sol:
'I
I
Q + 16 Q + 20Q 0=- 0
(2)
\'2 +-I' A + 20 ::: 0 ]
\.
-zs + (i;i(
AI =-2+zJii'
I
.z:::D
f'\ -
~
6
~ 6~ - 20:::; I; L(
~
t
Az =-8-z£'
n
A,t
1\ t
\o(h =- Cl e+CZ e ~
if PonJ;. Sol.!
Uti Jet', c...:xI.
dt)::; 200~2l: = eOC( fc,C1hzc +Qo~2.t)
(I) ~ et
fani . .sol t/ ~ ~
Q-== fm(a CB'J2b+b~'2tJ
W~ m~o bee, w:>2t amd ~zt ~f"YUJ6 ~.&r (2)
Q =ct Cfuzb +b~z& ={) QI:= - Zo.. ~z6 +zbCft> zt .
t{1 =:;
-
t.; 0.. Cfb2J:: -1.1 b~ zl;
SOCIAL
'
~.at co:> zt i - Lt Ct +3 Z,h -I- w ~ =-- 0
:=::[) a. z:- - 2 b
eaf· t( ~ zb: -I.Jb-32a .J.Zvb""'200 =/) Ibb+6ltb=2co
.---J"'.. .k. Zco _ s...
--t/
20 -
2.
ct..::-s
Q p =- C)ClnZt +1 ~2t
r-. -
C!j
>., t
>-"zO
L
C"'.
6
~=.....:.-..--'--b~.
Q:::: C j e-
+ C e,
- 5 L.ir:> Z v + 1; ~~
z
AsstvwvL Q(0) = 0
-=:::[)
C, +cz, - S- =: 0 (3)
n I
\
/Vb.
Az);
..
L
.L
X.::;. ~ :=or /', (../ e.
+ AZ C-z.. e +,tJ /).ifYJ Z, C -f 5 CiJJ2c .
T(o) ==- 0
-=0 A, C j +).z c.2.::1- 5":= 0
(it)
(3)/(LJ) ==D c.,:=: ?/ L.z ~ ?
-
_
)
(-g+zJli7)t
.
(-'8-2Ji/')6
T - ( g+zJi(' C/ f
f (-'8-zJil')Cz e
+IO~2.t+~Ub2.t
.&~O
tJ. J
b-/kD
A:lIm ; 0
b-:>tw
SOCIAL
--
---_._~
@
Z 10
VecUafJ.en et p~, Heftad fa-r ~f'
~ tR..-- L. DI2 [ '81/ +- ct(~)~' ..f- hC'X,) ~ '" r(t;>(,)
(1)
Leb [~h;
1«( ~ I + l<z. !1z..] be. £.- ~ fa- iJu,.. HLDE
~/I + tt(rx) ~ J.of h(rx-) ~ =0
(2.)
lb CI) b.,., a pcm-b. Sol. eftL- fum~-~-.:::-c..-(-~-)~-,-+-c.z-C~-)-.,,~
1
~
[ci~j +- C~M2-=oJ (3)
~~ (I);
(c:11 ~ + c.1 ~ ~ +c!z..'tJ~ +Cz ~ ) +- 0. ('l<.) ( C t:::l/+ cz~~) +bV"') (c,:gI+C2.(j)
:.= Y" ( 'X.-)
==-17 C i (,~I"+ ct~; +- b'3l) + c.2 (~~ + 0-.\1~ +- 6\12..) -+ c.; ~: +c.'2.g~= 'f(oc)
Ll~() ~ 0
L (~z-) = 0
=i/ ret~: + c..~ ~~ ::: Y'Cc0? (4-)
~, c\
/
-f- ~2- Cz..
I
== 0
J
/
1
/
8{ c( t- ~z Cz -= V ('X-)
SOCIAL
cl = Dz.
lj,V'
z..
D':= V(/
.=P
I sol.
~p':: C, ~( + Cz. ~z..
Ge.l'l, 501. ~ =- <J
.... ~ I' =(Kl ~ I -t Kz.eJ,) + (el ~/C.2-i1J
h
~ =-
( c.1+ kj ) ~ I -T (c.2 +- K,J ~L..
~ ~ Let ~h= Kl~ +Kz'i1z. k tb-~ -6&/:fk..I-/LDE.(Z.)
~ ~ 1ft .~
LD£ ~ ~'f-Cll"'-)j'l-bl",-)~o<r-(X)(I)
,
iD
[~=CI~I +Cz~z.] VU~F,z J-:e:: cl~ + K }
~ f&':= S~ J9l-+ Kz.J
V(/
~,
~2.1
~; 21~
~ (I -11-)
Hw ( 1/3/ 1;/1-()
® lfJI} +-)3 =