GEOL 201 Final, Fall 1997

Geology 201 Final Exam, Fall 1997/1998 Exam rules apply. Time allowed: Two hours Section A: (40 marks) Answer the questions on the sheet provided. Note that two marks will be given for each correct answer and half a mark will be deducted for each incorrect answer, 1. A radioactive isotope with an atomic number of 90 and an atomic mass of 232 undergoes decay by «-emision. The resultant isotope has: An atomic number of 92 and an atomic mass of 232. An atomic number of 91 and an atomic mass of 231. An atomic number of 89 and an atomic mass of 232 An atomic number of 88 and an atomic mass of 228. An atomic number of 86 and an atomic mass of 226. Three atoms A. B and C have atomic numbers of 28, 9 and 3 respectively. They are likely to interact in which of the following ways? Atom A will share one electron with atom B and share one electron with atom C. Atom A will share one electron with atom B, Atom C will not bond, Atom A will transfer two electrons to atom B and share one electron with atom C. Atom B will share one electron with atom C. Atom A will not bond. Atom C will transfer one electron to atom B. Atom A will not bond. A silicate mineral has the following basic formula SiO3, How inany oxygens does each tetrahedra share? One Two Three Four None Figure | 4. Figure 1 is a diagrammatic section of part of the crust showing the various types of igneous rock bodies and the landforms developed on igneous rock. Assign each of the features A—H with the appropriate term selected from the list below: 1) Diatreme 2) Fissure eruption 3) Dyke 4) Sill 5) Batholith 6) Strato volcano 7) Caldera 8) Laccolith pS a= “I AAANAA oa wea enw Ne WN em Na ey TY Ty ey ot se ww oD aoaaa iouwonouou >>>>> Wouok wor Mw — UA OO vouugy tot ot won odaoenow NM tot id aot PN mmo uouo ow rou Wwwhan ww ht mm NN eu Li) 5 N Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the origin of magma according to plate tectonic theory. Using the list of terms below, label the major geological features A-I. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Oe oe Saad CDouwow DAAN AaAaNnae Ue ee to wow ot > >>> yD 1 AN Oceanic crust Continental crust Shield volcano Island arc Mid-oceanic ridge Trench Rift valley Fissure eruption ing Ld et Nee ico es Me> Me? eo) ow wa NA tt tm tt tm Hon d Pw eww ouUucY NS tout ow I sla “ aaana ot uorou Ng Wot SN Tmrot touounwu DAXAN -Nhe ee ee 0 2 A oo 00 NN 90 ueoaoa With reference to figure 2 and the list below, label the areas J-P where the following processes occur. Note that any given process may occur in more than one environment. 1) Generation of basaltic magma 2) Generation of rhyolitic magma 3) Andesitic volcanism 4) Granitic intrusions 5) Compression and folding Vesicles - ~ K-feldspar ~ Biotite Grass” Quartz The rocks A, B and C shown in figure 3. would be best described as: A= Conglomerate, B = Pumice, C = Granite A= Conglomerate, B = Obsidian, C = Gabbro A= Sandstone, B = Ash tuff, C = Gneiss A= Breccia, B = Slate, C = Quartzite A = Quartz Arenite, B = Pumice, C = Gneiss Figure 4 various rock bodies and = oldest, 2 = next oldest etc.) is: Figure 4 is a cross-section showing the relationships between v structures, The relative age of each rock body and structure (i A=5,B=6,C=1,.D=3,E= 10, F=7,G=2,H=4,1=9,5=8 =6,F=5,G=4,H =2,J=1 \anenuen maring curve ot 9. Figure 5 is a diagram showing how metamorphic facies A — G are related to temperature and pressure. Using the list below, identify the correct position for each metamorphic facies 1) Eclogite 2) Amphibolite 3) Blueschist 4) Greenschist 5) Zeolite 6) Hornfels Triassic yan \\ 223% Jurassic ls of ye \\ \ ° ALA “\\ \ FES cretaceous The fold shown above is best described as: Neutral syncline Antiformal anticline Antiformal syncline Synformal syncline Synformal anticline PaoTPps 10. A rock that is subjected to extension in two directions in the ductile field will fésult in which of the following types of structure. a. Cylindrical folding b. Domes and basins c. Chocolate tablet boudinage d. Listric fauiting e. Strike-slip faulting Figure 7 Phas and leached set bectork 11. The soil profile shown in figure 7, would be best described as: a. A residual soil formed in a temperate environment: A pedalfer b. Aresidual soil found in a desert environment: A palaeosol c. A transported soil found in a desert environment: A pedocal dA transported soil found in a wet environment: A laterite e. A transported soil found in a wet environment: A pedalfer . The chemical reaction CaSO, > CaSO, .2H2O is: A comunon oxidation reaction within the sulphides A common dissolution reaction within the carbonates A common reduction reaction in the sulphates A common hydration reaction within the sulphates A common hydration reaction within the sulphides . A sedimentary rock is composed of 30% oolites, 50% fossils and 20% matrix (very fine calcite that cannot be seen by the naked eye). The rock is best described as: Dolomite Bioclastic limestone Biooomicrite Oobiosparite A fossiliferous marble . The high temperature, high pressure polymorph of Kyanite is Chlorite Garnet Staurolite Sillimanite Trydimite Figure 8 15. Four fossils A, B, C and D are shown in figure 8. Fossil A was found in rocks belonging to the Ordovician period. Fossil B was found in rocks belonging to the Tertiary period. Fossil C was found in rocks belonging to the Carbonifcrous period and fossil D was found in rocks belonging to the Silurian period. If we were to list the fossils in order from the oldest to the youngest then the answer would be: (C enn Ernarocaden «S$ : ~ ees = 1 SHALLOW Manne F Ereancxnacris SESE Footprint nee ER Marine Fossils oN SSO Ripples oo Subrounded Qeesse2— Quartz clasts. sand | Graded bedding . Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the various depositional environments A — H in which sediments may be deposited. Figure 10a shows a sedimentary rock sequence. In which of the environments shown in figure 9 could the rock sequence shown in figure 10a have been deposited? A B andH C and F D andG EandA A sedimentary rock sequence is shown in figure 10b. In which of the environments shown in figure 9 could this rock sequence have been deposited? A B andH Cand D G EandF 18) Mg,SiO, and Fe,SiO, are two silicate minerals. Which of the following statements about these two minerals is true. a) Mg,SiO,is a single chain silicate and Fe,SiO, is a double chain silicate b) Mg,SiO,and Fe,SiO, are both ring silicates in which Mg replaces Fe and vice versa by ionic substitution. c) Mg,SiO, is a framework silicate and Fe2SiO, is a ring silicate d) Mg,SiO,is a sheet silicate and is Fe,SiO,a double chain silicate e) Mg,SiO, and Fe,SiO, are both unit silicates in which Mg replaces Fe and vice versa by ionic substitution. Figure 11 19. Figure 11 is a sketch of a metamorphic rock. The rock would best be described as: a) Marble b) Slate c) Green schist da) Schist e) Gneiss Figure 12 20. Figure 12 shows a series of records made by seismographs at four different locations. The data allowed geologists to determine that: a) The fault was oriented N/S and showed dextral motion b) The fault was oriented F/W and showed dextral motion c) The fault was oriented N/S and showed sinistral motion d) The fault was oriented E/W and showed sinistral motion e) There is insufficient data to comment on the exact nature of the fault. Answer the questions for section A in the table below. Remember thal two marks will be given for each correct answer and half a mark will be deducted for each incorrect answer. ODNDOaAhWN = aeroan nani ui OOMOnNA Of WD = a a a a a a a a a 10 a a a a a a a a a a a cooucvevov 70 77 CO cv oOoOoOoO ee ood eaoao0o0q0 ono 0 NN A HA M9 HMA HA A aA AaA4 oO aaagnaanananinkaaaananaana oo7T7 ODD DDPDAOPMDAMMDAAAMDAXOA N o Section B (40 marks) Name: Using labelled diagrams and examples explain what is meant by the following: (Remember no diagram = no grade) 1. Acomplex ion A pegmatitic granite A greywacke Viscosity of lava Metamorphic zones Magnetic polarity Glacial moraine Seismic waves 10. Isostacy Section C (20 marks) Name: Using labelled diagrams show the possible results of the action depicted in the figure. (Remember no diagram = no grade) 1. boniferous Period Decomposing organic matter Stagnant pond Nucleus of carbon atom @ = proton oO = neutron Sediment loden river Lake