HIST 101 Final, Fall 2008

HISTORY 101 Final Exam Fall 09 January 28, 2009. Section 1 Answer any THREE of the following questions. Write clearly and coherently. 1. Explain the meaning of the phrase “Old Regime” in the social, legal, political and economic senses in pre revolutionary France. Why was this regime no longer relevant at the time of the French Revolution? 2. How and why did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly throw “the French Church, which had clung for ages to its Gallican liberties, into the arms of the pope”? 3. What are the main arguments that Burke advanced against the French Revolution and revolution in general? Comment on his views on equality and representative government. 4. What role did the lower classes (peasants and urban poor) play in the French revolution and how did their action influence the National assembly? 5. What did the Mountain faction stand for in the Convention and what were the internal and external objectives of the reign of terror that it applied? 6. Napoleon, it seemed to Goethe, “was the expression of all that was reasonable, legitimate and European in the revolutionary movement”. Comment on this statement with reference to Napoleonic domination in Europe. 7. Explain the purpose of Napoleon’s Continental System, the relationship among its constituent countries and the reasons for its ultimate failure. 8. “France under Napoleon was no longer revolutionary at home but it continued to be revolutionary outside its borders”. Discuss these seemingly contradictory assertions and try to explain them. 9. Discuss the development of nationalist thought in Germany under Napoleonic control and explain how this thought was radically different from the thought of the Enlightenment. 10. In what ways were the Napoleonic Continental System and the British Blockade similar and why did the first fail while the latter succeeded in achieving their respective objectives?