HIST 101 Final, Fall 1995

History 101 Sections 1 & 5 Final Examination . January 30, 1996 Instructions: Answer any three (3) of the following questions. What was the quarrel of Ancients and Moderns about? Which of the two would Enlightenment thinkers support as far as their attitude to reason, God and the idea of progress were concerned? Describe the constitutional organization of French society as it existed in prerevolutionary days and explain what is meant by the statement that it was legally aristocratic and in some ways feudal. What were the main provisions of the resolutions of August 4 adopted by the National Assembly and what role did they play in destroying that Old (Ancien) regime? What was wrong with the methods which the French monarchy used to raise revenue? Analyze the obstacles which made it difficult for the monarchy to reform that system. Define “enlightened despotism” and explain what is meant by the statement that it was secular, rational and reformist. As an enlightened despot, what was the attitude of Joseph II to the state, reform and religious toleration? “There was, in short, at first, a good deal of pro-Napoleonic feeling in the Grand Empire.” Write an essay in which you account for Napoleon’s initial popularity in his Grand Empire and describe his reforms in the following fields: the law, the manorial and guild systems, the position of the church. Why did Napoleon establish the Continental System and what were its main provisions? Analyze the principal causes for its success, or failure, on the economic and political plane. In a legal and socio-economic sense who, in 1789, were the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie in France and what were their rights and privileges? What does Palmer mean when he states that the Revolution was the collision of two moving objects, a rising aristocracy and a rising bourgeoisie? Analyze the nature, direction and purpose of their movement and explain why their collision was inevitable. The following three books appeared in the course of one decade. Write an essay in which you analyze their content and evaluate their respective impact on the social, economic, or political plane as the case may be: Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations (1776), Abbe Sieyes, What is The Third Estate? (1789); Edmund Burke, Reflections on The Revolution in France (1790).