GEOL 101 Final, Fall 1997

American University of Beirut Final Exam Geology Department. Geol. 101 (section 2) ( yh Feb. 5", 1998 Student Name: POLICY ON THE EXAM . Leave all your belongings (except for pens) far from your place. . Be silent, don't look to the sides. . Read the questions carefully before answering. . Anyone found cheating will have their paper confiscated. . Make your answers clear (confused answers will not be considered). . If you finish in the last five minutes, remain seated quietly until all the exam papers have been collected. . There is no penalty in the first two parts, and concerning part III answer only three questions. THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION Part I. Choose the best answer (40 pts.) 1. Most of the earth’s heavy elements are concentrated in the: a. crust b. lithosphere c. asthenosphere d. core 2. Subduction zones are located at . . . plate boundaries, a. divergent b. convergent c. transform d. all of the above e. non of the above 3. Only... earthquakes occur along mid-oceanic ridges. a. shallow b. deep c. destructive d. intermediate-depth 4. Richter scale measures the . . . of earthquakes anditis... . a. magnitude. . . arithmetic b. effect... arithmetic c. magnitude .. . logarithmic d. effect... logarithmic 5. ...is atypical type of chemical weathering. a. Frost wedging b. Abrasion c. Salt cracking d. Oxidation Dr. K. Khair Geol. 101 (sec. 2) Final Exam 6. ... (one type of mass wasting) occurs when a block of rock and regolith breaks away and move downslope as a coherent unit. a. Flow b. Slide c. Fall d. Creep SSeS 7. The main elements of water cycle are: . evapo(transpi)ration, precipitation and runoff . precipitation, runoff and temperature . evapo(transpi)ration, runoff and pressure . pressure, temperature and humidity 8. ... drainage pattern develops where bedrock is relatively uniform and streams take the shortest route downslope, and the tributaries pattern resembles veins of a leaf. a. Radial b. Trellis c. Rectangular d. Dendritic . The principle of . . . states that if a geologic feature (X) cuts across another body of rock (Y), X must be younger than Y. . Superposition b. original horizontality . inclusions d. cross-cutting relationships 10. The . . . isotopic dating method is an indispensable aid to the archaeological research, and in deciphering very recent events in geologic history. a. Potassium-Argon b. Uranium-Lead c. Carbon - 14 d. Thorium-Lead RS rrr 11. ... occurs when soft tissues are preserved as thin films of carbon. a. Petrifaction b. Carbonisation c. Replacement d. Permineralization Spy sr 12. In the biological classification (taxonomy) the correct gradually rising groups from species to kingdom is: a. genus-family-order-class-phylum b. genus-order-class-family-phylum c. genus-class-order-family-phylum d. genus-phylum-class-order-family Dr. K. Khair Geol. 10] (sec. 2) Final Exam 13. The longest eon with a time span of about 2 billion years is: a. Hadean b. Archean c. Proterozoic d. Phanerozoic 14, Witwatersrand supergroup (S. Africa) provides almost half of the world’s supply of... since 1883. a. chromium b. gold c. iron d. copper 15. Cold climates of Palaeozoic era are indicated by . . . glacial deposits in the continents of Southern Hemisphere (Gondwanaland). a. Ordovician and Permian b. Ordovician and Devonian c. Cambrian and Permian d. Cambrian and Devonian 16. ... are great elongate tracts that have been the sites of intense deformation (very old continental collision sites). a. Shields b. Cratons c. Platforms d. Orogens 17... . are plants dominated only in Southern Hemisphere continents (Gondwanaland) of Palaeozoic. a. Psilophytes b. Lycopsids c. Sphenopsids d. Glossopteris 18. Pelecypods, gastropods and cephalopods belong to: a, molluscs b. brachiopods c. arthropods d. graptolites 19. During the first stage of the break up of Pangaea, ... separated from... . a. Antarctica... Africa b. S. America... Africa c. N. America... Gondwana d. Australia... Antarctica 20. Comptosurus was...- hipped... . a. lizard... ornithischia b. bird... ornithischia c. lizard... saurischia d. bird... saurischia Dr. K. Khair Geol. 10] (sec. 2) Final Exam Part Il. Fill in the blanks (30 pts.) 1. The topographic features at divergent plate boundaries are called , whereas those at convergent plate boundaries are called 2. Earthquake (or seismic) waves that propagate inside the material are called waves; these waves are subdivided into and waves. 3. The soil forming factors (three out of five) are: 1.) 2) ; and 3) 4. The factors (three out of five) that control mass wasting are: 1) ; 2) ; and 3) 5. The of a stream is a measure of the largest rock particle it can carry; whereas the of a stream is the total amount of sediment it can carry. 6. The time-stratigraphic units of: a period is , an epoch is and an age is 7. According to the biological classification (taxonomy) the name of humans: Kingdom is 3 genus is ; and species is 8, The four essential components of life are: 1) ; 2) 5 3) ; and 4) cell membrane 9. The possible causes of the extinctions at the close of the Palaeozoic are (in short): 1) ; 2) 3 and 3) 10. The most probable terrestrial causes of extinctions at the close of the Mesozoic (late Cretaceous) are:1) ; 2) and 3) > Dr. K. Khair Geol. 10] (sec. 2) Final Exam Part LIL. Answer only three of the following four questions (30 pts.) 1. Indicate and discuss the earth’s layers, draw schemes. 2. Discuss the sediment deposition including channel deposits, and alluvial fans and deltas, draw schemes. 3. Indicate the gradual sequence of events or rock formations (from older to younger) for the given diagram (Fig. 1). A and B — Faults; U — Unconformity surface; G and D — Intrusive igneous bodies; K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T — Sedimentary layers. Dr. K. Khair Geol. 101] (sec. 2) Final Exam 4. Name the five dinosaur species shown on Fig. 2 and indicate their size and type (Carnivorous or herbivorous). GOOD LUCK Dr. K. Khair Geol. 101 (sec. 2) Final Exam