GEOL 101 Final, Fall 1999

\ (2 > AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT Geology Department , Geology 101 (Section O01) (1) Final Exam February 1, 2000 Student Name: ; ey POLICY ON THE EXAM . Leave all your belongings (except for pens) far from your place. . Be silent, don't look to the sides. . Read the questions carefully before answering. . Anyone found cheating will have their paper confiscated. . Make your answers clear (confused answers will not be considered) . If you finish in the last five minutes, remain seated quietly until all the exam papers have been collected . There is no penalty in the first three parts, and concerning part V answer only two questions. THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION Part J. Choose the best answer (50 pts.) 1. The... is the Earth’s outer solid . . . layer, which extends under continents to a depth of 100 km. . asthenosphere . . . rigid b. lithosphere... rigid . asthenosphere ... weak d. lithosphere... weak . The maximum age of the... is about . . . million years. . ocean floor... 500 b. continents... . ocean floor... 200 d. continents , . . . ... is the type of stress when the object is squeezed. . Compressive b. Tensile . Extensional d. Shearing . Only. . . lithosphere undergoes subduction below . . . . oceanic... hot spots b. continental . . . hot spots . oceanic... trenches d. continental . . . trenches . ... Seismic waves are transmitted through solids, liquids and gases. . Surface b. Transversal . Shear d. Compressional Dr. K. Khair Geol 101 / Section ] (Final Exam) AMG ni 4 Lally pier | a tenn pe nem os aneenel 6. The energy produced by an earthquake of magnitude “7” is. . . times larger than the energy produced by an earthquake of magnitude “5”. a. 10 b. 30 c. 100 d. 900 7. In 1948 the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey established a... Early Warning system. a. Liquefaction b. Tsunami c. Landslide d. Earthquakes 8. .. . isa period in the Paleozoic era. a. Devonian b. Tertiary c. Jurassic d. Cretaceous 9. Debris rolled or pushed by stream flow is part of... load a. suspended b. dissolved c. dense d. bed 10. The rate of surface runoff is... with the decrease of... a. increased . . . topography b. decreased... evaporation c. increased . . . infiltration d. decreased . . . infiltration 11. Asphalt and concrete cover is... and greatly... infiltration a. impermeable . . . reduces b. permeable .. . reduces c. impermeable . . . increases d. Permeable .. . increases 12. ... form when the stream’s gradient . . . and when the stream flows into still water, a. Alluvial fans... decreases b. Deltas... decreases c. Alluvial fans... increases d. Deltas... increases 13. ... glaciers form only in areas of high latitude. a. Alpine b. Mountain c. Continental d. Valley Dr. K. Khair Geol 101 “ Section 1 (Final Exam) 2 14. ... desert is a typical example of subtropical-latitude (15-30°) deserts. a. African Sahara b. Gobi c. Nevada d. Mongolian 15. The water table is the top of the . . . zone. a. soil-moisture b. saturation c. vadoze d. aeration 16. ... forms upon pumping water from . . . aquifers. a. upconing ... confined b. cone of depression . . . confined c. upconing ... unconfined d. cone of depression... unconfined 17. Hard water contains substantial amounts of: a. calcium and sodium b. iron and sodium c. calcium and magnesium d. iron and magnesium 18. Evaporite deposits are one type of . . . deposits. a. sedimentary b. metamorphic c. magmatic d. hydrothermal 19. Over the last decade the annual demand for . . . increased. a. asbestos and zinc b. copper and zinc c. asbestos and lead d. copper and lead 20... . is the most effective way to extend (increase) mineral reserves. a. Underground mining b. Surface mining c. Recycling d. Strip mining 21. Oil and gas are believed to form from . . . microorganisins buried by... a. land... rocks b. marine... rocks c. land... sediment d. marine... sediment Dr. K. Khair Geol 101 / Section 1 (Vinal exam) 3 22. With increasing burial peat (coal) is transformed into (increasing rank): a. bituminous, lignite, anthracite b. lignite, bituminous and anthracite c. bituminous, anthracite and lignite d. lignite, anthracite and bituminous 23... ., is the naturally occurring radioactive element, which can be underwent in chain reaction. a. Uranium — 238 b. Thorium -- 232 c. uranium — 235 d. Plutonium — 239 24. The geothermal energy is harnessed in the United States, new Zealand, . . . a. Italy and Iceland b. Libya and Iceland c. Italy and Germany d. Libya and Germany 25. ... is the partial decomposition of organic matter. a. Incineration b. Compaction c. Recycling d. Composting Part II. Circle T = true or F = false and explain why if it is false (18 pts.) TF 1. Each magnetic mineral has a curie temperature, below which it remains magnetic but above it the mineral loses its magnetic properties. > TF 2. San Andreas and Dead Sea Fault systems are typical examples of transform plate boundary. F 3. Earthquake intensity is a measure of the earthquake effects on human and on surface features and the most widely used is the Richter intensity scale. F 4. Precursor phenomena (earthquakes) are things that happen or rock properties that change prior to an earthquake. F 5. Meandering stream is a complex pattern of many channels that divide and rejoin shifting across a broad expense of sediment. Dr. K. Khair Geol 10] ¢ Section | (Final exam) F 6. Some large water reservoirs (dams) have been found to cause very destructive earthquakes. F 7. Abrasion (wind) is the wholesale removal of loose sediment producing desert pavement. F 8. Desertification is a term generally restricted to the development of deserts caused by the human impacts. F 9. Potentiometric surface is the height to which the hydrostatic pressure in artesian wells would raise the water if the aquifer were unconfined. yo F 10. Salt-water intrusion is a serious problem ert+ving from groundwater use in deserts and semi-arid areas. F 11. Some ore deposits such as chromium are evenly distributed around the world, F 12. The amount of time required for oi] and gas formation makes them among the nonrenewable energy sources. Part IIT. Match the relevant terminologies (one to one) in the following two columns (6 pts.) Continental collision oxbow lakes divergent plate boundary __. tcebergs oceanic continental convergence creep (faults) hot spots ___ seafloor spreading aseismic slip fluid injection earthquake control Andes stratigraphic correlation striations hydrologic cycle Alps . meanders ; precipitation 10. levees faunal succession 11. calving Hawaii 12. abrasion (glaciers) channel banks SON AwRWN— Dr. K. Khair Geol 10], Section 1 (Final Exam) Part 1V. Relative age: put the correct sequence (from older to younger) of the deposition and formation of the rock units in the diagram (6 pts. ). Oldest L, S, and ‘T-intrusive rocks, F-fault Part V. Answer only two of the folowing three questions (20 pts.) |. Discuss the relationship (curves) between stress and strain and emphasize on the types of deformation, draw a scheme. 2. Indicate and discuss factors governing flood severity, 3. Define the new methods in mineral exploration (Geophysics, Geochemistry and Remote’ Sensing). GOOD LUCK Dr. K, Khair Geol 101 + Section I (Iinal Isxam)